IN THE BATTLE OF THE DISEASE: A TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN FOULBROOD-DISEASED LARVAE OF THE WESTERN HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA)

Abstract Background European foulbrood is a significant bacterial brood disease of Apis sp.and can cause severe and devastating damages in beekeeping operations.Nevertheless, the epidemiology of its causative agent Melissococcus plutonius has been begun to uncover but the underlying mechanisms of infection and cause of disease still is not well und

The coral reef area at Karimunjawa National Park is Optical Disk decreasing over time.There are two factors causing damage to coral reefs, namely natural factors and anthropogenic factors.The purpose of this study was to determine the anthropogenic threats that cause damage to coral reefs at Karimunjawa National Park and any protection efforts to m